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| en:midbrain [2023/06/23 06:19] – brahmantra | en:midbrain [] () – - () 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| - | ====== MIDBRAIN ====== | ||
| - | |||
| - | * MESENCEPHALON; | ||
| - | * upper and shortest part of brainstem | ||
| - | * EXTERNAL FEATURES OR SURFACES | ||
| - | * VENTRAL SURFACE | ||
| - | * emerges from cerebral hemispheres joins to form | ||
| - | * crus cerebri of midbrain | ||
| - | * converges downwards to enter | ||
| - | * pons | ||
| - | * forms posterolateral boundary of | ||
| - | * interpeduncular fossa | ||
| - | * superficial surface | ||
| - | * corrugated by underlying longitudinal fibers | ||
| - | * crosses transversely from above downwards by | ||
| - | * optic tract , | ||
| - | * taenia pontis | ||
| - | * superior cerebellar artery , posterior cerebral artery | ||
| - | * medial side | ||
| - | * groove | ||
| - | * occulomotor nerve emerges | ||
| - | * dorsal aspect | ||
| - | * trochlear nerve emerges | ||
| - | * curls around lateral aspect of cerebral peduncles | ||
| - | * DORSAL SURFACE | ||
| - | * shows four rounded elevations called corpora quadrigemina | ||
| - | * separated from each other by | ||
| - | * cruciform sulcus | ||
| - | * vertical limb of sulcus when | ||
| - | * traced above forms a depression | ||
| - | * lodges pineal body | ||
| - | * traced below becomes continuous with | ||
| - | * frenulum veli | ||
| - | * median ridge on dorsal surface of superior medullary velum | ||
| - | * laterally from colliculi | ||
| - | * thick ridges of white matter extend | ||
| - | * called brachium | ||
| - | * superior brachium | ||
| - | * connects superior colliculus to lateral geniculate body | ||
| - | * connects inferior colliculus to medial geniculate body | ||
| - | * inferior brachium | ||
| - | * two superior | ||
| - | * superior colliculus | ||
| - | * two inferior | ||
| - | * inferior colliculus | ||
| - | * INTERNAL STRUCTURE | ||
| - | * Mid brain divided by coronal plane passing through cerebral aqueduct in to two parts | ||
| - | * anterior part or cerebral peduncle | ||
| - | * parts from dorsal to ventral | ||
| - | * tegmentum | ||
| - | * substantia nigra | ||
| - | * curved , crescent shaped | ||
| - | * pigmented band of grey matter | ||
| - | * deeply pigmented nerve cells | ||
| - | * contain melanin ( polymerized form of dopamine ) | ||
| - | * synthesize dopamine | ||
| - | * carried through their axons ( nigrostriatal fibers) | ||
| - | * to corpus striatum | ||
| - | * iron | ||
| - | * spiky process project in to crus cerebri | ||
| - | * parts | ||
| - | * dorsal part (pars compacta ) - medium sized cells | ||
| - | * pars reticularis ( ventral part ) - few cells | ||
| - | * intermingled with fibres of crus cerebri | ||
| - | * crus cerebri | ||
| - | * most anterior part | ||
| - | * white matter | ||
| - | * descending tracts | ||
| - | * connect cerebral cortex to | ||
| - | * anterior horn cells of spinal cord | ||
| - | * cranial nuclei | ||
| - | * pontine nuclei | ||
| - | * middle 2/3 of crus | ||
| - | * corticospinal | ||
| - | * corticonuclear | ||
| - | * medial 1/6 th of crus | ||
| - | * frontopontine | ||
| - | * lateral 1/6 th of crus | ||
| - | * temporopontine , parietopontine , occipitopontine | ||
| - | * posterior part or tectum | ||
| - | * LEVELS OF SECTION | ||
| - | * Transverse section of midbrain at level of inferior colliculus | ||
| - | * grey matter | ||
| - | * centrally | ||
| - | * nucleus of trochlear nerve | ||
| - | * situated close to median plane | ||
| - | * mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve | ||
| - | * more peripheral | ||
| - | * beneath the inferior elevations of colliculus | ||
| - | * nucleus of inferior colliculus | ||
| - | * white matter | ||
| - | * central part of tegmentum | ||
| - | * decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle | ||
| - | * ventral lateral part of tegmentum | ||
| - | * medial to lateral | ||
| - | * medial lemniscus | ||
| - | * trigeminal lemniscus | ||
| - | * spinal lemniscus | ||
| - | * lateral lemniscus | ||
| - | * median longitudinal fasciculus | ||
| - | * tectospinal tracts | ||
| - | * rubrospinal tracts | ||
| - | * transverse section of midbrain at level of superior colliculus | ||
| - | * grey matter | ||
| - | * more centrally | ||
| - | * occulomotor nucleus | ||
| - | * edinger westphal nucleus | ||
| - | * emerging fibres pass through | ||
| - | * medial side of crus cerebri in posterior of interpeduncular fossa | ||
| - | * mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve | ||
| - | * more peripheral | ||
| - | * nucleus of [[: | ||
| - | * connections | ||
| - | * prectectal nucleus | ||
| - | * [[: | ||
| - | * cigar shaped | ||
| - | * contains iron | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | * MESENCEPHALON; | ||
| - | * Interpeduncular fossa | ||
| - | * Posterior perforated substance | ||
| - | * Oculomotor sulcus | ||
| - | * Cerebral peduncle | ||
| - | * Cerebral crus | ||
| - | * Lateral groove | ||
| - | * Tegmentum of midbrain | ||
| - | * Trigone of lateral lemniscus | ||
| - | * Superior cerebellar peduncle | ||
| - | * Frenulum | ||
| - | * Tectal plate; quadrigeminal plate | ||
| - | * Brachium of inferior colliculus | ||
| - | * Brachium of superior colliculus | ||
| - | * Inferior colliculus | ||
| - | * Superior colliculus | ||
| - | * Cerebral peduncle | ||
| - | * Base of peduncle | ||
| - | * Cerebral crus | ||
| - | * Pyramidal tract | ||
| - | * Corticospinal fibres | ||
| - | * Corticonuclear fibres | ||
| - | * Corticopontine fibres | ||
| - | * Frontopontine fibres | ||
| - | * Occipitopontine fibres | ||
| - | * Parietopontine fibres | ||
| - | * Temporopontine fibres | ||
| - | * Corticoreticular fibres | ||
| - | * Substantia nigra | ||
| - | * Compact part | ||
| - | * Lateral part | ||
| - | * Reticular part | ||
| - | * Retrorubral part | ||
| - | * Tegmentum of midbrain | ||
| - | * White substance | ||
| - | * Central tegmental tract | ||
| - | * Rubro-olivary fibres | ||
| - | * Cerebello-olivary fibres | ||
| - | * Mesencephalic corticonuclear fibres | ||
| - | * Hypothalamospinal fibres | ||
| - | * Base of peduncle | ||
| - | * Tectopontine tract | ||
| - | * Lateral tectobulbar tract | ||
| - | * Medial lemniscus | ||
| - | * Trigeminal lemniscus | ||
| - | * Medial longitudinal fasciculus | ||
| - | * Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve | ||
| - | * Posterior longitudinal fasciculus; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus [[Schütz]] | ||
| - | * Rubronuclear tract | ||
| - | * Rubrospinal tract [[Monakow]] | ||
| - | * Rubro-olivary tract | ||
| - | * Spinal lemniscus; anterolateral tracts; anterolateral systém | ||
| - | * Spinothalamic fibres | ||
| - | * Spinoreticular fibres | ||
| - | * Spinomesencephalic fibres | ||
| - | * Spinotectal fibres | ||
| - | * Spinoperiaqueductal fibres | ||
| - | * Spinohypothalamic fibres | ||
| - | * Superior cerebellar peduncle | ||
| - | * Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles | ||
| - | * Tectobulbar tract | ||
| - | * Tectopontine tract | ||
| - | * Tectospinal tract | ||
| - | * Pretecto-olivary fibres | ||
| - | * Tecto-olivary fibres | ||
| - | * Tegmental decussations | ||
| - | * Posterior tegmental decussation; | ||
| - | * Anterior tegmental decussation; | ||
| - | * Corticomesencephalic fibres | ||
| - | * Grey substance | ||
| - | * Nucleus of oculomotor nerve | ||
| - | * Accessory nuclei of oculomotor nerve | ||
| - | * Visceral nuclei; autonomic nuclei | ||
| - | * Anterior medial nucleus; ventral medial nucleus | ||
| - | * Posterior nucleus; dorsal nucleus | ||
| - | * Interstitial nucleus [[Cajal]] | ||
| - | * Central precommissural nucleus | ||
| - | * Nucleus of posterior commissure [[Darkšewič]] | ||
| - | * Ventral subdivision | ||
| - | * Interstitial subdivision | ||
| - | * Dorsal subdivision | ||
| - | * Interpeduncular nucleus | ||
| - | * Accessory nuclei of optic tract | ||
| - | * Posterior nucleus; dorsal nucleus | ||
| - | * Lateral nucleus | ||
| - | * Medial nucleus | ||
| - | * Lateroposterior tegmental nucleus; laterodorsal tegmental nucleus | ||
| - | * Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve | ||
| - | * Nucleus of trochlear nerve | ||
| - | * Parabigeminal nucleus | ||
| - | * Periaqueductal grey substance; central grey substance | ||
| - | * Peripeduncular nucleus | ||
| - | * Red nucleus | ||
| - | * Magnocellular part | ||
| - | * Parvocellular part | ||
| - | * Posteromedial part; dorsomedial part | ||
| - | * Reticular formation | ||
| - | * Sagulum nucleus | ||
| - | * Subbrachial nucleus | ||
| - | * Anterior tegmental nuclei; ventral tegmental nuclei | ||
| - | * Interfascicular nucleus | ||
| - | * Parabrachial pigmented nucleus | ||
| - | * Paranigral nucleus | ||
| - | * Cuneiform nucleus | ||
| - | * Subcuneiform nucleus | ||
| - | * Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus | ||
| - | * Compact part; compact subnucleus | ||
| - | * Dissipated part; dissipated subnucleus | ||
| - | * Raphe nuclei | ||
| - | * Posterior raphe nucleus; dorsal raphe nucleus | ||
| - | * Inferior linear nucleus | ||
| - | * Intermediate linear nucleus | ||
| - | * Superior linear nucleus | ||
| - | * Aqueduct of midbrain; cerebral aqueduct [[Sylvii]] | ||
| - | * Opening of aqueduct of midbrain; opening of cerebral aqueduct | ||
| - | * Tectum of midbrain | ||
| - | * Tectal plate; quadrigeminal plate | ||
| - | * Inferior colliculus | ||
| - | * Nuclei of inferior colliculus | ||
| - | * Central nucleus | ||
| - | * External nucleus | ||
| - | * Pericentral nucleus | ||
| - | * Superior colliculus | ||
| - | * Zonal layer; layer i | ||
| - | * Superficial grey layer; layer ii | ||
| - | * Optic layer; layer iii | ||
| - | * Intermediate grey layer; layer iv | ||
| - | * Intermediate white layer; layer v | ||
| - | * Deep grey layer; layer vi | ||
| - | * Deep white layer; layer vii | ||
| - | * Brachium of inferior colliculus | ||
| - | * Brachium of superior colliculus | ||
| - | * Commissure of inferior colliculus | ||
| - | * Commissure of superior colliculus | ||
| - | * Decussation of trochlear nerve fibres | ||
| - | * Reticular nuclei | ||
| - | * Cuneiform nucleus | ||
| - | * Subcuneiform nucleus | ||
| - | * Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus | ||
| - | * Compact part; compact subnucleus | ||
| - | * Dissipated part; dissipated subnucleus | ||
| - | * Parapeduncular nucleus | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== TERMINOLOGY ===== | ||
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