CIVIL RELATION. THat Relation arising from the associating of Families under Government for mutual benefit and defence, is styled Political or CIVIL, Republic,*Commonwealth, State, political, secular.

To which may be opposed ANARCHY, Confusion.

The Notions belonging to this do refer either to

• Persons in a political capacity, considered according to their
  • DEGREES. I.
  • PROFESSIONS or Vocations. II.
  • CONVENTIONS. III.
• Things or businesses, relating to
  • RIGHTS. IV.
  • CONTRACTS for the Alienation of our Rights. V.
  • OBLIGATIONS for the Confirmation of Contracts. VI.

• PROFESSIONS

V. The mutual negotiating betwixt men in their ordinary converse with one another is styled CONTRACT,*Commerce, Entercourse, Traffic, Trade, Negotiation: to which may be annexed for affinity the most general occasion for such Intercourse, namely, the parting with one thing for the getting of ano∣ther, called EXCHANGE, barter, chaffer, cope, swap, truck, chop, Commutation, Scoursing, Bargain, Match.

The principal matters belonging to this Head do either refer to

• Actions;
• General; whether
• Absolute; transferring a thing from one to another; whether ‖ for his use to whom it is transferred: or for his use that transfers.
• ASSIGNING, consigning, conveying, resigning, deliver, put over.
• DEPOSITING, Trustee, Feoffee, enfeoff, charge, commend, recommend, entrust, commit, Fiduciary, Sequestration.
• Conditional▪ ‖ giving: or having right to an Estate after the death of him who disposeth of it.
• BEQUEATHING, devising, Legacy, Testament, Will, Executor, Intestate.
• INHERITING, Heir, hereditary, Heritage, Patrimony, Fee-simple, En∣tail, disherit, Hereditament, Portion, Primogeniture.
• Special; either by
• Parting with: or procuring propriety in any thing, upon the consideration for something else to be taken or given in exchange.
• SELLING, vent, utter, Ware, Commodity, Sale-able, venal, vendible, sta∣ple, put off, retail, afford, handsel, monopoly, make mony of, serve one with.
• BUYING, purchase, Cater, Chapman, Customer, engrossing, ransom, re∣deem, regrate, forestal, interlope, preemption, the refusing.
• Parting with: or procuring the temporary use of something belonging to another; according to
• The more general name.
• LENDING, Loan, Creditor, prostitute, trust.
• BORROWING, take up.
• The particular kind▪ relating to some temporary reward to be ‖ taken, and given.
• DEMISING, let, let out, let to farm, lease, Lessor, Landlord, Broker, Rent, Principal, Interest, put to use.
• HIRING, farming, backney, mercenary, prostitute, Tenant, Lessee, Lease, Rent, Interest, Vse, at livery, Gratis.
• Bestowing skill or labour about any business: or compensating of it.
• EARNING, Merit, Desert, Meed, Demerit, supererogate.
• WAGES, Fee, Salary, Pension, Stipend, Vails, fare, freight, gratis.
• Things; whether more
• Private; to be exhibited by the
• Buyer; either ‖ the whole value: or a part of it, for assurance of the rest.
• PRICE, Rate, Value, Worth, Ransom, stand in, cost, cheap, dear, preci∣ous, sumptuous, rich, inhaunce, depreciate.
• EARNEST, Gage, Pledge.
• Seller; either ‖ the thing bought: or some part, for security of the whole.
• BARGAIN, Ware, Commodity.
• SEISIN, Livery, install, admit, Entry, inthrone, inaugurate, invest.
• Public; towards defraying the charge of Government; whether ‖ ordinary: or occasional.
• TRIBUTE, Custom; Annates, Gabel, Excise, Toll, Impost, Publicane.
• TAX, Rate, Contribution, Collection, assess, Publicane, Subsidy, Tun∣nage, pontage, pannage, Pole, Collector, Scot, Sesment.

VI. Those several kinds of Assurances which men offer concerning what they intend to give or do, are styled, OBLIGATIONS, plight,*en∣gage, Deed, bind, Bond, Bill, evidence, &c. undertake for.

And when such Obligations are reciprocal, they are then called PA∣CTIONS, Agreement, Compact, Covenant, Bargain, Condition, indent, Match, Stipulation, Sponsion, Warranty, Article, strike up a bargain.

These are either

• Imperfect; or degrees towards Contracts more
  • Remote; in the first overtures of a Contract; whether ‖ as begun by one: or mutual betwixt both.
    • BESPEAKING, Retain.
    • TREATING, driving a Bargain, capitulate, chaffer, parley, cheapen, huck, haggle.
  • Near; in proposal of those terms according to which one obliges himself to ‖ buy: or sell.
    • BID, offer, huck, haggle.
    • DEMAND, cheapen, ask, exact.
• Perfect; either in
  • Words;
    • Spoken.
      • Common; ‖ ingaging our Veracity, sometimes with the addition of such solemn expressions as may testifie our reality.
        • PROMISE, Word, Parol, plight, Covenant, League, undertake for, pass ones word.
        • PROTESTATION, Asseveration, averr, vouch, stand in, Atte∣station.
      • Sacred; ingaging our Religion, and appealing to God as ‖ a Witness, and as a Iudge, to punish us upon our falshood.
        • SWEARING, Oath, deposing, abjure, Perjury, adjure, purge upon Oath.
        • IMPRECATION, Execration, Malediction, Cursing.
    • Written; attested with ‖ our peculiar name, or Mark: or Impressing some figure in Wax, or some like matter
      • SIGNING, Obligation, Deed, Evidence, Bill, Indenture, Instru∣ment, Writing, Muniment, Conveyance, Policy, subscribe, under ones hand, set ones hand.
      • SEALING, Seal, Signet, Sigil, Bond, specialty.
  • Security;
    • Personal: whether ‖ express, by promising for another, and making himself liable to the same Penalty upon the other's failing: or impli∣cit, by speaking in one's behalf.
      • SPONSION, Stipulation, Bail, vouch, undertake for, Surety-ship, Hostage, Security, Warrant, Caution, engage, responsible for.
      • INTERCESSION, Mediate or, interpose, speak for.
    • Real, of ones Goods; either
      • Absolute; by ingaging for the truth of a Promise either ‖ the Goods in specie, or only his right to them.
        • PAWN, Pledge, gage, engage.
        • MORGAGE, Security, Statute, Caution, engage.
      • Relative; by ingaging them for the success of a thing contingent, ‖ either as Principal, or as Accessory.
        • WAGER, Stake, vy, lay, prize.
        • BET, Stake, vy, revy.