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--- en:civil_relation [2023/05/25 10:44] – [PROFESSIONS or Vocations. II.] brahmantra
+++ en:civil_relation [2024/03/27 05:26] () – brahmantra
@@ 9: / 9: @@
   * Persons in a political capacity, considered according to their
-     * DEGREES. I.
+     * [[:en:dictionary:degrees | DEGREES. I.]]
-     * PROFESSIONS or Vocations. II.
+     * [[:en:dictionary:professions | PROFESSIONS or Vocations. II.]]
-     * CONVENTIONS. III.
+     * [[:en:dictionary:conventions | CONVENTIONS. III.]]
   * Things or businesses, relating to
-     * RIGHTS. IV.
+     * [[:en:dictionary:legal_rights | RIGHTS. IV.]]
-     * CONTRACTS for the Alienation of our Rights. V.
+     * [[:en:dictionary:contracts | CONTRACTS for the Alienation of our Rights. V.]]
-     * OBLIGATIONS for the Confirmation of Contracts. VI.
+     * [[:en:dictionary:obligations | OBLIGATIONS for the Confirmation of Contracts. VI.]]
-===== DEGREES  =====
-I. Those differences whereby men under a Political Relation, are di∣stinguished from one another,* according to their several ranks, are styled, DEGREES, Place, Quality, Rank, Order, Scutcheon, Coat of Arms, Herald.
-To which may be opposed the word PARITY, Levelling.
-These are either
-  * More general; according to the first common Difference of ‖ govern∣ing, namely such to whom doth belong the power and care of direct∣ing others in their duty, and rewarding or punishing them accord∣ingly: or governed, namely such as are under this Power.
-      * MAGISTRATE, Rector, Governour, Regent, Rule-er, Dominion, Sway, Consul, President, Provost, Warden, Head, Territory, Seigniory, Ma∣jor, Baylif, Syndic, States, Iurisdiction.
-      * SUBJECT-ion, Vassal, submit, Homage, Liegeman, Private person, truckle, Vnderling.
-  * More particular; relating to
-      * Kinds of principal Magistrates; which have great variety of Titles in several Countries, not necessary to be distinctly provided for here, excepting onely such as are either; ‖ Sovereign: or Homagers to some other.
-         * KING, Sovereign, Emperor, Imperial, Monarch, Queen, regal, royal, Majesty, reign, Kingdom, Lord, Dynasty, Sultan, Cham, Liege Lord, Regent, Realm, Diadem, Crown, Coronation, Scepter, Throne, en∣throne, Viceroy.
-         * PRINCE, Potentate.
-      * Orders of Subjects.
-         * Higher.
-            * More general; comprehending the ‖ greater: or lesser Nobility.
-               * LORD, Peer, Nobleman, honourable, Patrician, Duke, Mar∣quess, Earl, Count, Viscount, Baron.
-               * GENTLEMAN, Gentry, Knight, Esquire, Sir, Madam, Wor∣ship-ful, Gentil-ity, Wellborn.
-            * More special; with relation to the Degrees in liberal Professions; either ‖ perfect: or inchoate.
-              * GRADUATE, commence, Degree, Doctor, Master, Rabbi.
-              * CANDIDATE, Batchelor, Inceptor, canvas, sue, stand for.
-        * Middle; considered
-           * Aggregately.
-              * PEOPLE, Folk, Commonalty, Community, mean, obscure, igno∣ble, Plebeian, Populacie, popular, populous.
-           * Segregately; as they are Inhabitants either in ‖ Cities: or the Countrey
-              * CITIZEN, Free-man, enfranchise, Denizon, Townsman.
-              * YEOMAN.
-       * Lower sort; considered
-          * Aggregately.
-             * RABBLE, Vulgus, Tag-rag, base.
-          * Segregately; according to their want of ‖ Dignity: or Wealth.
-             * VILLAIN, Varlet, Rascal, Peasant, Boor, servile, Sirrah, Vassal, base.
-             * BEGGAR, Rogue, Mendicant, Shake-ragg.
-  * Conditions of men; as having ‖ a right to dispose of themselves: or not.
-      * FREE-MAN, liberal, enfranchise, Burgess,
-      * SLAVE, emancipate, manumit, servile, illiberal, Bondman, Bon∣dage, Thraldom, enthrall, enslave, serve, Droyl, Drudge.
-===== PROFESSIONS or Vocations. II. =====
-  * [[:en:profession|PROFESSIONS]]
-II. That course of life about which one is usually employed,* and to which he applies himself for the getting of a Subsistence, is styled his PROFESSION, Vocation, Calling, Trade, Function, Occupation, Course of life, Craft, Mystery.
-To which may be adjoyned the word denoting the actual Use of such Callings, PRACTICE, Exercise, Vse, follow, put in ure.
-These may be distinguished, into such as are either
-  * More necessary and beneficial to humane life; whether
-      * Liberal Professions, such as become free and generous men; relating ei∣ther to
-        * Things.
-           * Sacred; as ‖ discovered by revelation: or as the knowledge of them is▪ attainable by nature.
-              * DIVINE, Theology, Clerk, Schoolman.
-              * PHILOSOPHER.
-           * Civil and political; namely, ‖ the more generally received Laws and Constitutions: or those belonging to a particular Nation.
-             * CIVIL LAWYER.
-             * COMMON LAWYER, Pettifogger.
-           * Natural; with particular reference to the diseases of mens bodies and their cure; either ‖ by direction: or by manual operation.
-             * PHYSICIAN, Medicine, Patient, Empiric, Mountebank, Quack salver, Farrier, Leach, Receipt.
-             * CHIRURGION, dress a wound.
-       * Words or Language: or the ornaments of discourse.
-          * PHILOLOGER, Critic.
-          * POET-ry, Poem, Bard, Muse.
-     * Illiberal; belonging more peculiarly
-       * To a Town; consisting of Trades of ‖ exchange: or manufacture.
-          * MERCHANT, Market, Pedler, Huckster, Bodger, Hawker, Regra∣ter, Shopkeeper, Traffic, Dealing, Merchandize, Fair, Mart.
-          * MECHANIC, Handicraft, Artificer, Manufacture; Artizan, Work house.
-       * To the Country; relating to the most ancient Professions of
-          * Tilling the ground: or feeding of Cattel.
-             * HUSBANDMAN, georgic, Hinde, Agriculture, Tillage, Bayliffe.
-             * HERDSMAN, Shepherd, Pastor, Cow-herd, Hog-herd.
-          * Catching of wild Animals.
-             * HUNTSMAN, Hunt-er, Fowler, Fisher, chase, trace, course, Ve∣nison, Game, Pocher.
-       * Both to Town and Country; for the carriage of things by ‖ Water: or Land.
-          * MARINER.
-          * CARRIER, Ripier, Cargo.
-    * Not necessary; comprehending those several Professions which tend to the diversion of others; ‖ by acting or personating some particular Story or Fiction: or by amusing of men by the Agility of body or hand.
-        * PLAYER, Actor, Comedian, Tragedian, Play, Stage, Theatre, Enterlude, Personate.
-        * PRESTIGIATOR, Shewer of tricks, juggle, Legerdemain, Hocas pocas, Tumbler, Dancer on the ropes, &c. Mountebank.
-===== CONVENTIONS. III. =====
-III. The several Aggregates of men under Political Government, are usually styled either by that more general:* or special name.
-  * CONVENTION, Assembly, Meeting, Congregation, Convocation, Company, Rendezvouz, Concourse, Confluence, Quire, Chapter, Committee, Club, Hall, convene, Conventicle, Sessions, Assize, flock or gather together.
-  * SOCIETY, Gyld, Gang, Tribe, Clan, Fraternity, Club, Knot, Crew, Fellow∣ship, Company·
-These are either such as have the same
-  * General inducements; in respect of
-  * Language and supreme Government; whether ‖ primitively: or de∣rivatively.
-  * NATION-al, epidemical, naturalize, People, Country, vernacu∣lar, Patriot.
-  * COLONY, Plantation.
-  * Place of Habitation; considered according to the
-  * General name; denoting such as inhabit ‖ more dispersedly in the open fields: or more close together, usually within fenced places.
-  * COUNTRY, rural, rustic, Peasant, Boor, Hinde, Kern, Swain, Clown, Tike.
-  * TOWN, Burrough.
-  * Special kinds; signifying all that part of a Nation under the same
-  * Subordinate Government; ‖ dwelling more at large: or such as dwell close together, with peculiar Liberties and Priviledges in common amongst them.
-  * PROVINCE, Circuit.
-  * CITY, Suburbs, Metropolis, See, Borough, municipal.
-  * Lowest Government; whether ‖ with: or without Iurisdiction.
-  * SHIRE, County, Tribe, District, Riding.
-  * PARISH, parochial, Parson, Vicar, Thorpe, Village.
-  * Special inducements; for ‖
-  * Attendance on Governours: or advice in the Government.
-  * COURT-ier, aulical.
-  * COUNCIL, Senate, Parliament, Diet, Conclave, Consistory, San∣hedrim, Synod, Committee.
-  * Education in Learning; either ‖ of the Adult, with a power to license them for the Liberal professions: or onely of Children or young be∣ginners.
-  * UNIVERSITY, Academy, School.
-  * SCHOOL.
-  * Regulating the affairs of some ‖ Trade: or Profession; especially if they cohabit for those ends in a kind of Political family.
-  * CORPORATION, Gyld, Brotherhood, Fraternity, Company, So∣ciety, community, municipal, incorporate.
-  * COLLEGE-iate, Fellow.
-  * Driving on of some design; ‖ in general: or with particular reference to the opposing of what is legally established.
-  * LEAGUE, Confederacy, Combination, Alliance, Complice, Parti∣san, Party, side with, joyn, hold together, Pack, compact.
-  * FACTION, Sect, Iuncto, Gang, conspire, side with, combine, Par∣ty-zan, Oligarchy.
-===== RIGHTS. IV. =====
-IV. The things which in Iustice or Equity▪ do belong to persons,* are called RIGHTS, Title, Interest, Estate, Tenure▪ Holding, Freehold, Gift, Col∣lation, Reversion, Landlord, Paramount, endow, enfeoff. To which may be adjoyned the word LIBERTIES, denoting whatsoever is permitted, or not forbidden to them.
-These are considerable according to their
-  * Original; being either
-  * Primary and unwritten.
-  * Not voluntary; but according to ‖ the condition of its first being: or common practice and continuance.
-  * NATURE.
-  * CUSTOM, accustom, Vse, Wont, Guise, Fashion, Rite, Vsage, usual, currant, common, ordinary, ure, enure, Habit, Practice, Haunt, pre∣scribe, unusual, obsolete, familiar, received, conversant, Habit, manner, course, Hank, Exercise, Prescription, Desuetude.
-  * Voluntary; according to the ‖ choice of the Will: or a determined order.
-  * ELECTION, Choice.
-  * SUCCESSION, devolve, follow, Place.
-  * Secondary and written.
-  * General; whether ‖ perpetual: or temporal.
-  * LAW, Act, Statute, Decree, Sanction, Constitution, Canon, Rule, legal, legitimate, enact, ordain, order, abrogate, repeal, prescribe, Legislator.
-  * EDICT, Ordinance, Proclamation, Order, Breve, Bull, Act, Rule, Sanction, Rescript.
-  * Special; conferring ‖ Right to have: or Right to do.
-  * PATENT, Charter, Brief, Letters Patents, Placard.
-  * COMMISSION, Brief.
-  * parts; consisting in▪
-  * Power over that which is
-  * One's own; either ‖ totally: or as to the use of it.
-  * PROPRIETY, Concern, Owner, Proprietary.
-  * USUS-FRUCTUS.
-  * Another's; either as to ‖ his person: or his affairs.
-  * AUTHORITY, Power, Dominion, Prefect, President, Head, Pro∣vost, Master, Plenipotentiary, authentic, classic, govern, ratifie, Rule, sway, inspection, dispose, Precinct, Territory.
-  * OFFICE, Place, Cure, overlook, officiate, superintend, surveigh, oversight, charge, conduct, Commissary, Prefect, Collegue, Groom.
-  * Liberty; with respect to
-  * Advantages by special Law; either ‖ of the supreme Magistrate: or of some particular rank of Subjects.
-  * PREROGATIVE, Royalty.
-  * PRIVILEGE, Franchise, enfranchise, freedom, Grace, preeminence.
-  * Remission or exemption from the rigour of a general Law, in its ‖
-  * Commanding: or prohibiting.
-  * DISPENSATION.
-  * LICENCE, Permission, Sufferance, Leave, allowance, Faculty, Connivence, Placard, Prattick, let, may, suffer, admit, dispence, Pass-port, Safe conduct, Letters of Mart.
-  * Punishing: or imposing burthens.
-  * TOLERATION, Connivence, suffer, let alone, Quarter.
-  * IMMUNITY, free, Discharge, Exemption, Quarter, scot-free.
-===== CONTRACTS for the Alienation of our Rights. V. =====
-V. The mutual negotiating betwixt men in their ordinary converse with one another is styled CONTRACT,*Commerce, Entercourse, Traffic, Trade, Negotiation: to which may be annexed for affinity the most general occasion for such Intercourse, namely, the parting with one thing for the getting of ano∣ther, called EXCHANGE, barter, chaffer, cope, swap, truck, chop, Commutation, Scoursing, Bargain, Match.
-The principal matters belonging to this Head do either refer to
-  * Actions;
-  * General; whether
-  * Absolute; transferring a thing from one to another; whether ‖ for his use to whom it is transferred: or for his use that transfers.
-  * ASSIGNING, consigning, conveying, resigning, deliver, put over.
-  * DEPOSITING, Trustee, Feoffee, enfeoff, charge, commend, recommend, entrust, commit, Fiduciary, Sequestration.
-  * Conditional▪ ‖ giving: or having right to an Estate after the death of him who disposeth of it.
-  * BEQUEATHING, devising, Legacy, Testament, Will, Executor, Intestate.
-  * INHERITING, Heir, hereditary, Heritage, Patrimony, Fee-simple, En∣tail, disherit, Hereditament, Portion, Primogeniture.
-  * Special; either by
-  * Parting with: or procuring propriety in any thing, upon the consideration for something else to be taken or given in exchange.
-  * SELLING, vent, utter, Ware, Commodity, Sale-able, venal, vendible, sta∣ple, put off, retail, afford, handsel, monopoly, make mony of, serve one with.
-  * BUYING, purchase, Cater, Chapman, Customer, engrossing, ransom, re∣deem, regrate, forestal, interlope, preemption, the refusing.
-  * Parting with: or procuring the temporary use of something belonging to another; according to
-  * The more general name.
-  * LENDING, Loan, Creditor, prostitute, trust.
-  * BORROWING, take up.
-  * The particular kind▪ relating to some temporary reward to be ‖ taken, and given.
-  * DEMISING, let, let out, let to farm, lease, Lessor, Landlord, Broker, Rent, Principal, Interest, put to use.
-  * HIRING, farming, backney, mercenary, prostitute, Tenant, Lessee, Lease, Rent, Interest, Vse, at livery, Gratis.
-  * Bestowing skill or labour about any business: or compensating of it.
-  * EARNING, Merit, Desert, Meed, Demerit, supererogate.
-  * WAGES, Fee, Salary, Pension, Stipend, Vails, fare, freight, gratis.
-  * Things; whether more
-  * Private; to be exhibited by the
-  * Buyer; either ‖ the whole value: or a part of it, for assurance of the rest.
-  * PRICE, Rate, Value, Worth, Ransom, stand in, cost, cheap, dear, preci∣ous, sumptuous, rich, inhaunce, depreciate.
-  * EARNEST, Gage, Pledge.
-  * Seller; either ‖ the thing bought: or some part, for security of the whole.
-  * BARGAIN, Ware, Commodity.
-  * SEISIN, Livery, install, admit, Entry, inthrone, inaugurate, invest.
-  * Public; towards defraying the charge of Government; whether ‖ ordinary: or occasional.
-  * TRIBUTE, Custom; Annates, Gabel, Excise, Toll, Impost, Publicane.
-  * TAX, Rate, Contribution, Collection, assess, Publicane, Subsidy, Tun∣nage, pontage, pannage, Pole, Collector, Scot, Sesment.
-===== OBLIGATIONS for the Confirmation of Contracts. VI. =====
-VI. Those several kinds of Assurances which men offer concerning what they intend to give or do, are styled, OBLIGATIONS, plight,*en∣gage, Deed, bind, Bond, Bill, evidence, &c. undertake for.
-And when such Obligations are reciprocal, they are then called PA∣CTIONS, Agreement, Compact, Covenant, Bargain, Condition, indent, Match, Stipulation, Sponsion, Warranty, Article, strike up a bargain.
-These are either
-  * Imperfect; or degrees towards Contracts more
-      * Remote; in the first overtures of a Contract; whether ‖ as begun by one: or mutual betwixt both.
-         * BESPEAKING, Retain.
-         * TREATING, driving a Bargain, capitulate, chaffer, parley, cheapen, huck, haggle.
-      * Near; in proposal of those terms according to which one obliges himself to ‖ buy: or sell.
-         * BID, offer, huck, haggle.
-         * DEMAND, cheapen, ask, exact.
-  * Perfect; either in
-     * Words;
-         * Spoken.
-             * Common; ‖ ingaging our Veracity, sometimes with the addition of such solemn expressions as may testifie our reality.
-                * PROMISE, Word, Parol, plight, Covenant, League, undertake for, pass ones word.
-                * PROTESTATION, Asseveration, averr, vouch, stand in, Atte∣station.
-             * Sacred; ingaging our Religion, and appealing to God as ‖ a Witness, and as a Iudge, to punish us upon our falshood.
-                * SWEARING, Oath, deposing, abjure, Perjury, adjure, purge upon Oath.
-                * IMPRECATION, Execration, Malediction, Cursing.
-        * Written; attested with ‖ our peculiar name, or Mark: or Impressing some figure in Wax, or some like matter
-             * SIGNING, Obligation, Deed, Evidence, Bill, Indenture, Instru∣ment, Writing, Muniment, Conveyance, Policy, subscribe, under ones hand, set ones hand.
-             * SEALING, Seal, Signet, Sigil, Bond, specialty.
-     * Security;
-         * Personal: whether ‖ express, by promising for another, and making himself liable to the same Penalty upon the other's failing: or impli∣cit, by speaking in one's behalf.
-              * SPONSION, Stipulation, Bail, vouch, undertake for, Surety-ship, Hostage, Security, Warrant, Caution, engage, responsible for.
-              * INTERCESSION, Mediate or, interpose, speak for.
-         * Real, of ones Goods; either
-              * Absolute; by ingaging for the truth of a Promise either ‖ the Goods in specie, or only his right to them.
-                 * PAWN, Pledge, gage, engage.
-                 * MORGAGE, Security, Statute, Caution, engage.
-              * Relative; by ingaging them for the success of a thing contingent, ‖ either as Principal, or as Accessory.
-                 * WAGER, Stake, vy, lay, prize.
-                 * BET, Stake, vy, revy.

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